III
THE PROBABILISTIC MODEL
A biological evolution
probabilistic model is proposed, based on the probability theory and the
Bernoulli law of great figures. The probability theory can be summarily
summarized as follows: the events whose probability and chances (mathematical)
are weak, do not produce and vice versa for those whose probability and chances
(mathematical) are high (monkeys typists example of Borel).
The
probabilistic model proposes that current constitution of the living organisms
is the most probable interaction result, statistically, between the environment
stimuli and the living matter specific properties. The environment having
evolved since the Precambrian one, the living organisms evolution would be also
the most probable result of the interaction.
One application
of the probabilistic model relates to the calcium biochemistry probabilistic
influence and the mass extinctions and the causes of the disappearance of the
Dinosaurs.
The cycle
carbonate-silicate allows the calcium ions release which intervene in certain
biomineralization processes. These processes, located at the organic chemistry
and biology limit, allow to the exoskeletons or endoskeletons and the calcium
current marine food chain construction, the base of which is the planktonic
unicellular algae trinity: coccolithophoridae (nannoplancton with calcareous
exoskeleton), diatoms (with siliceous walls) and dinoflagellates (with organic
walls).
The calcium,
located at the 3rd rank, by abundance order, in the earth's crust, is also the
third in the living matter chemical components. The constitution, by many
animals, of a support significant apparatus, involves a calcium accumulation in
the organism. In the human being, 99 % of calcium are concentrated in the
skeleton and the teeth. Calcium plays an essential role in the exoskeleton or
the endoskeleton of many Invertebrates and Vertebrates, Protists and Metazoa
phyla. Calcium can be regarded as a probabilistic stimulus to which react the
organisms by the skeletons development. The variations, during geological periods,
of the influence in the environment of this stimulus, involve, according to our
model, in a probabilistic way, an evolution either morphological (increase in
the skeleton importance at the Dinosaurs and Rudists), or towards radiations
(Ammonoids), or towards the extinctions (Dinosaurs, Crinoids, etc...).
The 5 more
significant well-known mass extinctions are the extinctions at the
Ordovician/Silurian time, late Devonian, Permian/Trias and Cretaceous/Tertiary
limits, the most significant one being at the P/T limit, the most well-known
one at the K/T limit.
The
probabilistic model proposes that the biomineralization and the calcium food
chain probabilistic disturbing factors are the most probable causes of the mass
extinctions.
The most
probable factors favorable to the calcium biomineralization (dependent or
independent):
1)
supersaturated calcium++ ions
2) temperature
(hot or tropical)
3) low CO2 level
4) orogenetic
and volcanic calmness
5) neutral or
alkaline pH
6) favorable O2
level
7) intact food
chain.
The most
probable disturbing factors of calcium biomineralization (dependent or
independent):
1)
under-saturated calcium ++ ions
2) glaciations,
fresh or cold temperatures
3) higher CO2
level
4) active
orogeny and volcanicity
5) acid pH
6) anoxia
7) food chain
breakage.
Next : IV The evidences of the probabilistic model
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